From the League of Nations to the United Nations: History, Parallels, and the Question of Institutional Survival
Introduction: When International Order Becomes Fragile International organizations tend to be born in moments of trauma. The League of Nations emerged from the devastation of the First World War, while the United Nations (UN) was founded in the ashes of the Second. Both were conceived as mechanisms to prevent humanity from repeating its worst mistakes. Both promised collective security, peaceful dispute resolution, and a rules-based international order. And yet, history is unkind to good intentions. The League of Nations collapsed spectacularly in the 1930s, unable to prevent aggression, war, and ultimately its own irrelevance. Today, as the international system faces renewed great-power rivalry, prolonged wars, rising nationalism, and institutional paralysis, a pressing question resurfaces: Is the United Nations heading toward the same fate as the League of Nations? This article compares the two institutions—examining their origins, structures, strengths, and failures—and evalua...